Systematic Review of Dynamic Dark Energy Models: From Quintessence to Tachyon Fields
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.66234/esgdzk16Keywords:
Dark Energy, Cosmology, Quintessence, K-Essence, Phantom FieldsAbstract
Dark energy, responsible for nearly 70% of the total energy density of the Universe, remains one of the most fundamental open problems in modern cosmology. While the ΛCDM model attributes cosmic acceleration to a cosmological constant, theoretical challenges such as the fine-tuning and coincidence problems motivate the exploration of dynamic dark energy (DDE) models. This study presents a systematic review of scalar-field dark energy models, including quintessence, k-essence, phantom, and tachyon fields, published between 2015 and 2025. Following PRISMA 2020 guidelines, literature searches were conducted in Scopus, Web of Science, and NASA ADS. From 254 identified records, 112 studies met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed. The results show that quintessence models dominate the literature and remain broadly consistent with current cosmological observations, while k-essence models provide alternative mechanisms through non-canonical kinetic terms. Phantom and tachyon models offer theoretical extensions but present stability challenges. Upcoming surveys such as Euclid, LSST, and JWST are expected to significantly improve constraints on the evolution of dark energy.
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Data Availability Statement
No new datasets were generated or analyzed during this study. All data supporting the findings of this systematic review are available in the published literature cited in the reference list.
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Copyright (c) 2026 Marina CORRÊA FREITAS (Author)
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